How To Use Et Al In Letter

It is important to use these abbreviations literally and to punctuate them correctly.

How to use et al in letter. Is found in essays research papers and legal writings. Et alia et al is latin for and others et al is most commonly used in a list of people particularly when referring to the authors of an academic publication. For example when referring to a scientific research paper the authors may be cited as goodman et al meaning the paper was by goodman and some other researchers. Many writers confuse e g and i e and many type et al improperly or do not properly recognize what words it represents. Is commonly used in place of a list of names whether of people or places when the list would be exhaustive or is simply not necessary.

Many people do not know the meaning of et al so using it will confuse readers. As usual but also include lowercase letters after the year 2010a 2010b etc to tell the references apart. Chicago style has two systems of citation. Does not need to be italicized in normal use. On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors.

Namely use et al. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. The most common use of et al. Is best reserved for citations and other parenthetical remarks in academic or other types of formal writing.

The abbreviation e g is from the latin exempli gratia and means literally for example periods come after each letter and a. Notes and bibliography and author date style. Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. Is an abbreviation of the latin phrase et alia which means and others et al.

In general et al. The use of et al is the same in both styles. For more information and examples on citing references in text see chapter 6 of our sixth edition publication manual pp. For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date. The term et al.